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A cylinder is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes, with a surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, the axis of the cylinder. The solid enclosed by this surface and by two planes perpendicular to the axis is also called a cylinder. The surface area and the volume of a cylinder have been known since deep antiquity.
**Mathematical formulas**:
The volume of a cylinder:
V = πr²v
The surface of a cylinder:
S = 2πr(r + v)