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The rock cycle is a fundamental concept in geology that describes the dynamic transitions of the three main rock types (sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks) on Earth over geologic time. Each rock type can undergo alteration or destruction when subjected to conditions outside its equilibrium state. Rocks exposed to Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere may break down and dissolve at the surface, while rocks subjected to subduction or contact with magma can experience metamorphism or melting. Plate tectonic movements and the water cycle are responsible for recycling rock materials within Earth's crust and upper mantle and serve as the driving forces behind the rock cycle.
