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The tetragonal crystal system consists of three mutually perpendicular axes that intersect at 90° angles (α = β = γ = 90°). Two of these axes (a₁ and a₂) are equal in length, forming a square base, while the vertical axis (c) is of different (typically longer) length. Minerals that commonly crystallize in the tetragonal system include chalcopyrite, cassiterite, rutile, zircon and apophyllite.
