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Ordinary light bulbs remain the most widely used light sources, with billions produced annually as part of the standard product range for nearly all major lighting manufacturers. These bulbs fall under the category of thermal light sources, whose primary function involves heating an element to temperatures high enough to emit visible radiation. The bulb generates light by heating a filament (typically tungsten) to incandescence through an electric current. A key characteristic of all thermal light sources is the continuous spectrum of light they emit. However, their efficiency in converting electrical energy into light is relatively low, a factor that significantly influences their long-term prospects.
