Joule Apparatus

This model represents the famous experiment conducted by James Prescott Joule, illustrating the relationship between mechanical energy and heat energy. The Joule Apparatus consists of several key components: a weight attached to a string, which is wound around a winding drum; a paddle wheel submerged in an insulated container of water; a thermometer. At the start, the weight possesses potential energy. When released, the weight falls, and its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy drives the rotation of the paddle wheel, which agitates the water. As the paddles rotate, the friction causes the temperature of the water to rise, which can be measured using the thermometer. Joule's experiment led to the conclusion that mechanical energy can be converted into heat energy. His precise measurements, particularly his claim of being able to detect temperature changes to within 1/200 of a degree Fahrenheit, were groundbreaking for the 19th century.