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An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. Most electric motors operate by using the interaction between electric current and magnetic fields to produce motion. While electric motors are typically designed as rotating machines, there are also linear electric motors that generate motion in a straight line. Machines that convert mechanical work into electrical energy are known as generators, alternators or dynamos. Many electric machines are capable of functioning as both motors and generators, depending on how they are used. These machines can also switch automatically between motor and generator modes. This dual capability enables the use of regenerative braking, where the energy generated during braking is fed back into the electrical grid or stored in batteries, improving efficiency in electric drives.
