Magnetron

A magnetron is a type of vacuum tube used to generate microwave radio frequency energy. It consists of a cylindrical cathode at the center and a coaxial anode surrounding it. An electric field is created between the cathode and the anode by a direct current (DC) potential, and an external magnetic field is applied along the length of the tube using magnets. The magnetic field affects the movement of electrons emitted by the cathode. Instead of traveling directly to the anode, the electrons follow curved, arcing paths. As these electrons strike the anode, they cause regions of the anode to become negatively charged. Some areas will accumulate more or less charge compared to others, creating current imbalances. These imbalances in charge generate oscillating currents, which form as the current tries to equalize different areas of the anode. The electrons deposit themselves at varying points along the anode, further contributing to the oscillation. These oscillating currents flow around the cavities of the magnetron, generating microwave energy. Magnetrons are widely used in applications such as radar systems and microwave ovens.