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When light passes from one medium to another, some of it refracts (bends), and the rest reflects. The angle of refraction is given by Snell's Law. A critical angle exists, which is the minimum angle at which all the light is reflected rather than refracted. At this critical angle, the light travels along the boundary between the two media. In this model, light will continually reflect within the stream of water, creating total internal reflection. This allows the light to travel through the entire length of the water stream. Total internal reflection is the fundamental principle behind fiber optic technology.
