Image Formation by Convex Lens

The process of image formation by convex lenses differs from that of concave lenses, and the properties of the image depend on the position of the object relative to the lens. To construct an image using a convex lens, we typically use two or three principal rays. A ray passing through the focal point on its way to the lens will refract and emerge parallel to the principal axis after passing through the lens. Use a straight edge to accurately trace its path. A ray that travels parallel to the principal axis before hitting the lens will refract and pass through the focal point on the other side of the lens. A ray that passes directly through the center of the lens will continue in the same direction, unaffected by refraction. To clearly show the ray directions, place arrowheads on the rays, indicating the direction of travel. Extend the rays beyond their point of intersection to form the image. This method illustrates how the position of the object affects the position, size, and orientation of the image. As the object's position changes relative to the focal point, the image may become larger or smaller, and it may appear upright or inverted.