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**Binoculars** are essentially small refracting telescopes designed for observing distant objects with a stereoscopic view. They offer superb wide-angle views, especially useful for observing star fields, and many high-quality binoculars outperform Galileo’s telescopes in terms of performance and image clarity. Each half of the binoculars contains two carefully arranged prisms. Light rays from distant objects undergo total internal reflection inside these prisms before reaching the observer's eyes. The pair of prisms work together to rotate the image by 180 degrees — the first prism rotates the image by 90 degrees, and the second prism flips it by another 90 degrees, turning the image right side up. This system corrects the image inversion caused by the convex lenses inside the binoculars. When light passes through a convex lens, the rays cross over, which inverts the image. Binoculars use these prisms and optical principles to correct this inversion and enhance the visual experience.
