Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. Transformers are used to increase or decrease alternating voltages and currents in electric power systems. A varying current in the transformer's primary winding generates a changing magnetic flux in the core and secondary coil. This induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The primary and secondary coils are wrapped around a core of infinitely high magnetic permeability. The voltage ratio between the primary and secondary coils is directly proportional to the ratio of the number of windings in each coil. In our model, the secondary coil has significantly fewer windings than the primary coil. The ends of the secondary coil are connected by two nails that touch at their tips. This setup represents a step-down transformer, which reduces voltage while increasing current. If the ratio of the windings on the primary to the secondary is sufficiently large, the current in the secondary coil could become high enough to generate heat and potentially melt the ends of the nails, causing them to weld together.