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The peregrine falcon has an extensive range, inhabiting every continent except Antarctica. It can be found across all climate zones, from tropical areas to the tundra. Because of its adaptability, as many as 75 subspecies were once recognized, although only 19 are currently acknowledged, all with similar appearances. In the 1960s, the European population of peregrine falcons faced severe threats from the widespread use of toxic pesticides. However, with the subsequent ban on these substances, the population has gradually recovered and stabilized. The highest population densities in Europe are now found in Spain, France and Great Britain. Peregrine falcons are versatile nesters, using rocky cliffs, buildings, trees, or even abandoned nests of other birds of prey. While they hunt a variety of vertebrates, many specialize in preying on pigeons and doves. In pursuit of their prey, peregrine falcons are capable of reaching speeds of up to 250 km per hour in flight.
