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The anatomy of the earthworm is among the most studied of all invertebrates, with each part well documented and understood. The earthworm's body begins at the prostomium (a point near the mouth) and ends at the anus. Its body is segmented, covered in setae, and features a ventral surface lined with pores. About one-third of the way down the body from the mouth is a thick cylindrical collar known as the clitellum, which plays a vital role in reproduction. Earthworms possess a closed circulatory system, a nervous system, and an excretory system. Their digestive system includes a sequence of organs: the pharynx, seminal vesicles, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, and finally, the anus.
